Endothelium, microcirculation and chronic venous disease

Understanding chronic venous disease (CVD) is evolving from a purely mechanical perspective towards a systemic view centred on endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and microcirculatory impairment. This course reviews the latest evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking CVD with other cardiometabolic disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus. Across three modules, international experts will discuss the role of the endothelium as a functional organ, microvascular alterations associated with diabetes and venous disease, emerging molecular targets and their therapeutic implications. The course provides a practical and scientific update aimed at improving early diagnosis and comprehensive patient management. It is based on concepts presented during an international symposium on endothelium, microcirculation, diabetes and chronic venous disease.